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26)71st Republic Day 2020 highlights| Beating retreat ceremony at Attari-Wagah border on Republic Day

India Republic Day -- India celebrates it is 71st Republic Day today. On this day in 1950the Constitution of The indian subcontinent came into force. The Republic Day paradewhich is considered the main attraction of the days celebrationwas held along Rajpath. It was a 90-minute celebration. Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro was the chief guest with the parade. Before the parade startedPrime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute at the Nationwide War Memorial and Us president Ram Nath Kovind unfurled the national flag as well as General Manoj Mukund NaravaneChief of the Army EmployeesAdmiral Karambir SinghKey of the Naval StaffMarshal Rakesh Kumar Singh BhadauriaChief of the Air Employees. 5 41 PM IST PM Narendra Modi arrives at Rashtrapati Bhawan for At home reception hosted through President Ram Nath Kovind. 5 12 pm IST Beating retreat ceremony in Attari-Wagah border on Republic Day. 4 36 evening IST Air India Markets 30000 National Flags To Passengers On Republic Day The nat
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Urban design

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Urban design is the process of designing and shaping the physical features of cities, towns, and villages and planning for the provision of municipal services to residents and visitors. Although it deals with issues of a larger scale than architecture, it cannot be understood as a wholly separated field of research and design, since the quality of one depends on the quality of the other. In fact, it is this very interdependency, which has been termed relational design by Barcelona-based architect Enric Massip-Bosch, which makes urban design and architecture inextricably linked in many university education programs, especially in Europe. This tendency towards reintegration in architectural studies is also gaining momentum in the USA. Urban design deals with the larger scale of groups of buildings, infrastructure, streets, and public spaces, entire neighbourhoods and districts, and entire cities, with the goal of making urban environments that are equitable, beautiful, performative, an
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History

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This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: references need proper formatting; citations are missing Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this section if you can. ( January 2017 ) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Although contemporary professional use of the term 'urban design' dates from the mid-20th century, urban design as such has been practiced throughout history. Ancient examples of carefully planned and designed cities exist in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, and are particularly well known within Classical Chinese, Roman and Greek cultures (see Hippodamus of Miletus). citation needed European Medieval cities are often, and often erroneously, regarded as exemplars of undesigned or 'organic' city development. citation needed There are many examples of considered urban design in the Middle Ages (see, e.g., David Friedman, Florentine New Towns:
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New Approaches

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There have been many different theories and approaches applied to the practice of urban design. New Urbanism is an approach that began in the 1980s as a place-making initiative to combat suburban sprawl. Its goal is to increase density by creating compact and complete towns and neighborhoods. The 10 principles of new urbanism are: walkability, connectivity, mixed-use and diversity, mixed housing, quality architecture and urban design, traditional neighborhood structure, increased density, smart transportation, sustainability, and quality of life. New urbanism and the developments that it has created are sources of debates within the discipline, primarily with the landscape urbanist approach but also due to its reproduction of idyllic architectural tropes that do not respond to the context. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, Peter Calthorpe, and Jeff Speck are all strongly associated with New Urbanism and its evolution over the years. Landscape Urbanism is a theory that first surfa
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Urban Design as an Integrative Profession

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Urban designers work with architects, landscape architects, transportation engineers, urban planners, and industrial designers to reshape the city. Cooperation with public agencies, authorities, and the interests of nearby property owners is necessary to manage public spaces. Users often compete over the spaces and negotiate across a variety of spheres. Input is frequently needed from a wide range of stakeholders. This can lead to different levels of participation as defined in Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation. While there are some professionals who identify themselves specifically as urban designers, a majority have backgrounds in urban planning, architecture, or landscape architecture. Many collegiate programs incorporate urban design theory and design subjects into their curricula. There are an increasing number of university programs offering degrees in urban design at the post-graduate level. Urban design considers: Pedestrian zones Incorporation of nature within a
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The Urban Design Education

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Following the 1956 Urban Design conference, Harvard University established the first graduate program with urban design in its title, The Master of Architecture in Urban Design, although as a subject taught in universities its history in Europe is far older. Urban design programs explore the built environment from diverse disciplinary backgrounds and points of view. The pedagogically innovative combination of interdisciplinary studios, lecture courses, seminars, and independent study creates an intimate and engaged educational atmosphere in which students thrive and learn. Soon after in 1961, Washington University in St. Louis founded their Master of Urban Design program. Today, eighteen urban design programs exist in the United States: Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI Ball State University - Indianapolis, IN Columbia University - New York, NY City College of New York - New York, NY Georgia Tech - Atlanta, GA Harvard University - Cambridge, MA Iowa State University - Ames,
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Issues

The field of urban design holds enormous potential for helping us address today’s biggest challenges: an expanding population, mass urbanization, rising inequality, and climate change. In its practice as well as its theories, urban design attempts to tackle these pressing issues. As climate change progresses, urban design can mitigate the results of flooding, temperature changes, and increasingly detrimental storm impacts through a mindset of sustainability and resilience. In doing so, the urban design discipline attempts to create environments that are constructed with longevity in mind. Cities today must be designed to minimize resource consumption, waste generation, and pollution while also withstanding the unknown impacts of climate change. In order to be truly resilient, our cities need to be able to not just bounce back from a catastrophic climate event, but to bounce forward to an improved state. Justice is and will always be a key issue in urban design. As previously mentioned,
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